NCERT Book for Class 12 Fine Arts: An Insightful and Engaging Resource on Indian Painting

- The main features and themes of manuscript painting- The different styles and schools of manuscript painting Chapter 2: The Rajasthani Schools of Painting - The emergence and evolution of Rajasthani painting- The characteristics and influences of Rajasthani painting- The major sub-schools and artists of Rajasthani painting Chapter 3: The Mughal School of Miniature Painting - The introduction and patronage of Mughal painting- The features and techniques of Mughal painting- The phases and masters of Mughal painting Chapter 4: The Deccani Schools of Painting - The origin and growth of Deccani painting- The elements and expressions of Deccani painting- The prominent centres and painters of Deccani painting Chapter 5: The Pahari Schools of Painting - The background and expansion of Pahari painting- The attributes and themes of Pahari painting- The notable branches and artists of Pahari painting Chapter 6: The Bengal School and Cultural Nationalism - The context and inspiration of Bengal school- The aims and innovations of Bengal school- The leaders and legacy of Bengal school Chapter 7: The Modern Indian Art - The challenges and changes in modern Indian art- The movements and experiments in modern Indian art- The pioneers and trends in modern Indian art Chapter 8: The Living Art Traditions of India - The diversity and richness of living art traditions in India- The forms and functions of living art traditions in India- The preservation and promotion of living art traditions in India Conclusion A summary of the main points and a call to action FAQs Five unique questions and answers related to the topic # Article with HTML formatting Introduction

Panoramic indian painting book class 12 pdf is a textbook published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) for the students of Class 12 who have opted for Fine Arts as a subject. It is a comprehensive guide to the history, development, diversity, and significance of Indian painting from ancient to contemporary times. It covers eight chapters that explore various aspects, styles, schools, artists, and traditions of Indian painting in a lucid and engaging manner. It also provides illustrations, exercises, activities, glossary, bibliography, and web links to enhance the learning experience.

panoramic indian painting book class 12 pdf

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The book aims to familiarize the students with the rich heritage and culture of Indian art, as well as to develop their aesthetic sense, critical thinking, creativity, and appreciation skills. It also helps them to prepare for their board exams by following the latest syllabus and exam pattern. By reading this book, the students will be able to understand the beauty, meaning, and relevance of Indian painting in the context of its time and place.

Chapter 1: The Manuscript Painting Tradition

The manuscript painting tradition is one of the oldest and most influential forms of Indian art. It refers to the practice of illustrating handwritten texts with paintings on various materials such as palm leaf, paper, cloth, wood, etc. Manuscript paintings were used for religious, educational, literary, historical, scientific, legal, administrative, and personal purposes. They reflect the beliefs, values, customs, events, stories, personalities, and achievements of different periods, regions, communities, and sects in India.

The origin and development of manuscript painting in India

The origin of manuscript painting in India can be traced back to the ancient times when oral transmission was the main mode of communication. To preserve and disseminate the sacred knowledge contained in the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, etc., scribes began to write them down on perishable materials such as birch bark or palm leaf using stylus or pen. These texts were then decorated with simple drawings or diagrams to illustrate the concepts or to mark the divisions. Gradually, these drawings became more elaborate and colorful, and evolved into paintings that enhanced the visual appeal and meaning of the texts.

The development of manuscript painting in India was influenced by various factors such as the availability and quality of materials, the patronage and demand of the rulers, nobles, priests, scholars, merchants, etc., the interaction and exchange of ideas and techniques with other cultures, especially Central Asian, Persian, and European, and the emergence and spread of different religions, sects, languages, and scripts in India. Manuscript painting reached its zenith during the medieval period (8th to 18th century CE) when it flourished in various regions and styles across India.

The main features and themes of manuscript painting

The main features of manuscript painting are:

• They are usually small in size and rectangular or square in shape.

• They are painted on both sides of the leaf or paper using water-based colors made from natural sources such as minerals, plants, insects, etc.

• They are bound together with cords or threads to form a book or a scroll.

• They are often accompanied by text written in various scripts such as Brahmi, Devanagari, Nastaliq, etc.

• They follow certain conventions of composition, perspective, proportion, color scheme, symbolism, etc., depending on the style and school.

• They depict various themes such as religious stories and teachings, epic and heroic tales, courtly and romantic scenes, portraits and biographies, flora and fauna, astrology and medicine, etc.

The different styles and schools of manuscript painting

The different styles and schools of manuscript painting are:

• The Buddhist style: It is characterized by the use of bright colors, stylized figures, expressive gestures, decorative motifs, and narrative scenes. It is mainly found in the manuscripts of Buddhist scriptures such as the Jatakas, the Avadanas, the Prajnaparamita Sutras, etc. It developed in various regions such as Bihar (Nalanda), Bengal (Pala), Nepal (Newar), Tibet (Thangka), etc.

• The Jain style: It is distinguished by the use of subdued colors, elongated figures, intricate details, geometric patterns, and symbolic images. It is mainly found in the manuscripts of Jain scriptures such as the Kalpasutras, the Kalakacharyakatha, the Uttaradhyayanasutra, etc. It developed in various regions such as Gujarat (Patna), Rajasthan (Marwar), Karnataka (Mysore), etc.

• The Hindu style: It is marked by the use of vibrant colors, naturalistic figures, dynamic movements, ornamental designs, and mythological scenes. It is mainly found in the manuscripts of Hindu scriptures such as the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, the Ragamala, etc. It developed in various regions such as Kashmir (Sharda), Orissa (Pattachitra), Andhra Pradesh (Kalamkari), etc.

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